The modern carbine cartridge—the .223 Rem.—has been with us since the early 1960s. Since then, we’ve seen its case altered to make other cartridges, and we’ve also seen new carbine-compatible introductions based on other cartridge cases.
Penetration is a critical aspect of terminal performance. As the great African professional hunter and gunwriter Finn Aagaard once wrote, “Killing power is a matter of biology, not math and physics, and is influenced almost totally by shot placement, accompanied by sufficient penetration.”